AN ASSESSMENT OF GRAVEL PACKING STRATEGY USED IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
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INTRODUCTION
Many reservoirs are made up of sediments that are just a few million years old, and since these sediments are so weakly cemented, sand will be generated along with the fluids from the reservoir unless the pace of production is greatly slowed down. Sand production results in a wide variety of production issues, such as the deterioration of downhole tubing, valves, fittings, and surface flow lines; collapsed casing due to a lack of formation support; and many other issues (Schwartz, 2022). Therefore, it would be ideal to find a way to eradicate sand manufacturing without significantly reducing production rates.
Sand production may be managed via the employment of a variety of techniques, but the mechanical approach, which fundamentally includes the application of gravel pack, is the method that is of the biggest significance to this project (GRAVEL PACKING).
It is generally agreed that this strategy is the most time-tested and efficient technique for sand management. Simply put, it is a down hole filter that was created to stop the production of unwanted sands. This filter works by placing gravel across a perforated interval in the sand screen annulus and also in the perforation tunnel to stop the flow of sand into the well. This stops unwanted sand from entering the well (Shryock, 2022).
Sand influx could be detrimental to both the technical and economic aspects of production, which is the overall objective of this project, which aims to identify means to selectively select appropriate gravel pack sizes from formation sands produced through sieve analysis in order to meet optimal sand control for maximum production without having any detrimental effect on production hard wares (Scheuerman, 2022).
During the completion of a gravel pack, sand grains that are significantly larger than the typical formation sand grain are sandwiched between the formation and a screen or slotted liner. This is done with the intention of keeping the majority of the formation sand, but allowing very fine particles to pass through it and be produced (Suman, 2021).
The inner casing gravel packing, also known as internal gravel packing (IGP), and the underreamed gravel pack, also known as external gravel pack, are the two forms of gravel pack completion that are used the most often (EGP). Even though it has improved conductivity through the gravel, the underreamed casing gravel pack can only be used for single-zone completion.
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